283

Index

Ledger, 2, 4, 5, 32, 62, 67, 75, 149, 151, 172, 175,

182, 238

Legal payment instruments, 19–21

Limitations of P2P in Blockchains, 77

Local area networks (LAN), 30–31

LPWAN Technologies, 266

LSTM (long short-term memory), 248–255

M

Machine learning techniques, 248–249, 255

Major Benefits of Blockchain, 1–2

Major Pilot Programme Projects of Blockchain,

189–190

Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), 274–275

Microtransactions, 261, 275

Miners, 4, 8, 46, 48, 148–150, 168, 174, 194–196,

240–241, 260–261, 263–264, 271, 275

Monetization, 139, 154

Monitoring, remote health, 29

Multi-signatures, 50

Music industry supply chain, 152, 156

Musicoin, 158–159

N

NAPAS, 211–212

NAPR (National Agency of the Public

Registry), 129

National Blockchain Strategy, 128, 138–139

National Informatics Centre (NIC),

133, 140

National Institute of Standards and Technology

(NIST), 140

National strategy on blockchain, 138, 140

NCPI, 130–131

Network identification, 32

Network security, 116

Network users, 9, 47, 262

Nguyen, 211

NIC (National Informatics Centre), 133, 140

NISG, 128, 138, 140

NIST (National Institute of Standards and

Technology), 140

NITI Aayog, 130

NKGSCCL, 132

Nodes in blockchain, 5

Non-adoption of cryptocurrencies, 98

O

OBM (Online Black-Markets’), 37

Occurrence, 76, 96–97

Oil and gas industry, 191, 195–196, 198

One Time Password (OTP), 38

Open Blockchain, 121, 186

Opportunities, 62, 64–65, 69, 110, 120–121,

139–140, 214, 216

Opportunities and challenges, 110

Overview of blockchain, 3

P

P2P in Blockchains, 77

Parameters, 167, 248–249

Payments in cryptocurrencies, 23

Payment systems, 14, 111, 208, 222

decentralized, 91, 223

Payment transactions, 8, 20

secured, 131

PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance), 181,

187, 273

PBFT algorithm, 187

PDS (Public Distribution System), 133, 135

Peer-to-peer, 5, 9, 66, 110, 167–168, 206, 233

Peer-to-peer network, 77, 149–150, 156, 161, 244

Peer-to-Peer Network in Blockchain, 77

Peer-to-peer technology, 77, 149

Petroleum, xiii–xiv, 182–183, 188, 191–193,

196–197

Petroleum and gas industry, 182–183, 193,

196–197

Petroleum and gas sector, 181–183, 188, 190,

193, 196

Platform

blockchain-enabled, 193

decentralized IoT data storage, 35

PoA (Proof of Authority), 4

PoET (Proof of Elapsed Time), 181, 187

Policy recommendations, 120, 130

PoS (Proof-of-Stake), 168, 181, 186, 241, 273, 275

PoS blocks, 241

PoW (Proof-of-Work), 150, 168, 181, 186,

240–241, 261, 264, 270–275

Privacy, 33, 35, 44, 47, 62–63, 68, 120–121,

235–237, 244, 261, 263

Privacy and security, 222, 231, 237

Private blockchains, 31, 118, 169, 186, 194, 238, 273

Proof-of-work, 150, 168

PROPERTIES of BLOCKCHAIN, 150–151

Protection, 34, 37, 138, 210, 232

Public Key Cryptography, 54

Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), 36, 84

public service identity, 128

PUFs (Physically unclonable functions), 38, 54

PwC, 89, 198

PwC data, 154

Q

QoS (quality of service), 272

Quality of service (QoS), 272